Composition containing reduced coenzyme Q10 and production method thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a particulate composition wherein an oil component containing reduced coenzyme Q 10  is polydispersed forming a domain in a matrix containing a water-soluble excipient, which simultaneously shows high oxidative stability and high oral absorbability, a production method thereof, and a stabilizing method thereof. It also provides a food, food with nutrient function claims, food for specified health uses, dietary supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drink, feed, pet food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product, therapeutic drug, prophylactic drug and the like, which contain the composition.

This application is a United States Application claiming benefit ofProvisional Application 60/829240, filed on Oct. 12, 2006, which claimsthe benefit of JP 114877/2007, filed on Apr. 24, 2007 and JP172086/2006, filed on Jun. 22, 2006, the contents of each of which areincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and a production method thereof. More particularly,the present invention relates to a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which simultaneously shows high oxidativestability and high oral absorbability, and a production method thereof.In addition, the present invention relates to reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in anoncrystalline state.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Coenzyme Q is an essential component widely distributed in livingorganisms from bacteria to mammals. It is known that human coenzyme Q ismainly composed of coenzyme Q₁₀, having 10 repeat structures in its sidechain. Coenzyme Q₁₀ is a physiological component present as aconstituent component of the mitochondrial electron transport system inthe cell of the living body. It functions as a transport component inthe electron transport system by repeating oxidation and reduction inthe living body.

Coenzyme Q₁₀ is known to show energy production, membrane stabilizationand antioxidant activity in the living body, and has a high degree ofusability. Coenzyme Q₁₀ occurs in two forms, the oxidized form and thereduced form, and it is known that, in the living body, usually about 40to 90% of the coenzyme exists in the reduced form. Of coenzymes Q₁₀,oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ (aka. ubiquinone or ubidecarenone) is widely usedfor pharmaceutical field as a drug for congestive heart failure. Besidesthe pharmaceutical use, it is widely used as an agent for oralpreparation and a skin preparation, or as a nutritional product or adietary supplement, like vitamin.

On the other hand, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ shows higher oral absorbabilitythan oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀, and is a superior compound effective asfood, Food with nutrient function claims, Food for specified healthuses, nutritional supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drink,feed, pet food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product, therapeutic drug,prophylactic drug and the like.

However, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is easily oxidized by molecular oxygeninto oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀, and therefore, stabilization of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ is an important issue when it is processed into a food,food with nutrient function claims, food for specified health use,nutritional supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drink, feed,pet food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product, therapeutic drug,prophylactic drug and the like, or a material or composition therefor,or during handling after processing and the like. Complete removal orblocking of oxygen during the above-mentioned handling is extremelydifficult and remaining or admixed oxygen particularly during heatingfor processing and long-term preservation exerts a markedly adverseeffect. The above-mentioned oxidation is directly related to qualityproblems such as the by-product oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀.

As mentioned above, stable retention (protection from oxidation) ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is an extremely important problem, for which littlestudy has been done as to the method and composition for stablyretaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀. There are only a report on a compositionconcurrently containing a reducing agent and a production method thereof(WO01/052822) and a report on stabilization of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ infat and oil (WO03/062182).

WO01/052822 discloses methods for preparing

-   1) a composition comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and an amount of a    reducing agent effective to prevent the oxidation of reduced    coenzyme Q₁₀ to oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀; and an amount of a surfactant    or a vegetable oil or a mixture thereof, and optionally, a solvent    effective to solubilize the above-mentioned reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and    the aforementioned reducing agent,-   2) a composition for oral administration obtained by formulating the    above-mentioned composition into a gelatin capsule or tablet,-   3) the above-mentioned composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀    by the use of oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ and a reducing agent in situ.

However, the above-mentioned WO01/052822 does not contain a detaileddescription relating to the quality, stabilizing effect and the like ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in the composition. In addition, theabove-mentioned composition and preparation method thereof are highlycomplicated and troublesome because the composition plays multiple roles(i.e., role of reaction field for reducing oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ toreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and role of stably retaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀).It is generally known that ascorbic acids (reducing agents) encapsulatedin a gelatin capsule degrade disintegrability of the gelatin capsule,which in turn exerts an adverse influence on the absorbability in theliving body.

Furthermore, it should be noted that since the above-mentionedcomposition and preparation method thereof use a reaction mixture as itis, the safety is not entirely secured. To be specific, ascorbic acidsused as reducing agents for reducing oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ to reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ are oxidized to give a considerable amount ofdehydroascorbic acids, which remain in the above-mentioned compositions.The dehydroascorbic acids and oxalic acid produced by decomposition arehighly harmful unlike ascorbic acids. For example, an increase in thelipoperoxide amount and a decrease in the antioxidant substance in theliver and kidney, as well as an increase in the amount of oxalic acid inthe kidney have been reported, and side effects such as lower resistanceto oxidative stress, easy onset of ureteral calculus and the like arefeared.

In addition, WO03/062182 discloses, as a method for protecting reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ from oxidation, a stabilizing method of reduced coenzymeQ₁₀, comprising forming a composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀,fats and oils (excluding olive oil) and/or polyol as a main component,which does not substantially inhibit stabilization of reduced coenzymeQ₁₀. However, the aforementioned stabilizing method may be insufficientto ensure stability of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

Moreover, the compositions described in WO01/052822 and WO03/062182 areoily compositions wherein reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is dissolved in fats andoils and/or surfactant. Thus, the applicable ranges thereof are limited.Under the circumstances, there is a demand for a composition containingpowdery and stable reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which can be used for variousapplications.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

To solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention proposes aparticulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, whichsimultaneously shows high oxidative stability and high absorbability inthe body, a production method thereof, and a stabilization methodthereof, in the field of food, Food with nutrient function claims, Foodfor specified health uses, nutritional supplement, nutritional product,animal drug, drink, feed, pet food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product,therapeutic drug, prophylactic drug and the like, a production methodand a stabilizing method thereof. In addition, the present inventionprovides non-crystalline reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and a reduced coenzyme Q₁₀containing the non-crystalline reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which are superiorin the absorbability in the body.

Means of Solving the Problem

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in an attempt tosolve the aforementioned problems and found that a particulatecomposition wherein an oil component containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ ispolydispersed forming a domain in a matrix containing a water-solubleexcipient is a composition simultaneously having high oxidativestability and high oral absorbability, which resulted in the completionof the present invention.

-   [1] A particulate composition comprising an oil. component (A)    comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and a matrix comprising a    water-soluble excipient wherein the oil component (A) is    polydispersed forming a domain in the matrix.-   [2] The particulate composition of [1], which has a sphericity of    not less than 0.8.-   [3] The particulate composition of [1] or [2], wherein not less than    10 wt % of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition    is non-crystalline.-   [4] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [3], wherein    the oil component (A) is polydispersed forming not less than 5    domains.-   [5] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [4], wherein    the water-soluble excipient is at least one kind selected from the    group consisting of a water-soluble polymer, surfactant (C), sugar    and a yeast cell wall.-   [6.] The particulate composition of [5], wherein the water-soluble    polymer is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of    gum arabic, gelatin, agar, starch, pectin, carageenan, casein, dried    albumen, curdlan, alginic acids, soybean polysaccharide, pullulan,    celluloses, xanthan gum, carmellose salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone.-   [7] The particulate composition of [5], wherein the surfactant (C)    is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of glycerol    fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid    ester, polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, lecithins and    saponins.-   [8] The particulate composition of [5], wherein the sugar is at    least one kind selected from the group consisting of monosaccharide,    disaccharide, oligosaccharide, sugar alcohol and polysaccharide.-   [9] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [8], wherein    the oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ comprises    5-100 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-95 wt % of fat and oil, and    0-95 wt % of surfactant (D).-   [10] The particulate composition of [9], wherein the surfactant (D)    is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of glycerol    fatty acid ester, polyglycerin ester, sucrose fatty acid ester,    sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester and    polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, each having an HLB of not    more than 10, and lecithins.-   [11] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [10], wherein    the content of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate    composition is 1-70 wt %.-   [12] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [11], wherein    the volume average particle size is 1-1000 μm.-   [13] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [12], wherein    the domain formed by the oil component (A) has an average particle    size of 0.01-50 μm.-   [14] The particulate composition of any one of [1] to [13], which    has a residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of not less than 50    wt % after preservation at 40° C. in the air in light shading for 30    days.-   [15] A preparation comprising the particulate composition of any one    of [1] to [14].-   [16] A method of stabilizing a particulate composition or    preparation comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises placing    the particulate composition of any one of [1] to [14], or the    preparation of [15] in an environment of a surrounding relative    humidity of not more than 90%.-   [17] A method of handling a particulate composition or preparation    comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises placing the    particulate composition of any one of [1] to [14], or the    preparation of [15.] in an environment of a surrounding relative    humidity of not more than 90%.-   [18] A method of stabilizing a particulate composition or    preparation comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises    wrapping or packaging the particulate composition of any one of [1]    to [14] or the preparation of [15] with a glass, plastic and/or    metal material.-   [19] A method of handling a particulate composition or preparation    comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises wrapping or    packaging the particulate composition of any one of [1] to [14] or    the preparation of [15] with a glass, plastic and/or metal material.-   [20] The stabilizing method of [16] or [18], which comprises    concurrently using a moisture-proof agent.-   [21] The handling method of [17] or [19], which comprises    concurrently using a moisture-proof agent.-   [22] A method of producing a particulate composition comprising    reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises suspending a oil-in-water    emulsion composition prepared from an oil component (A) containing    reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and an aqueous solution containing a    water-soluble excipient in oil component (B), and removing water    from the emulsion composition in oil component (B).-   [23] The production method of [22], wherein the oil component (B)    comprises 5-100 wt % of fat and oil and 0-95 wt % of surfactant (E).-   [24] The production method of [22], wherein the oil component (B)    comprises 5-99.99 wt % of fat and oil and 0.01-95 wt % of surfactant    (E).-   [25] The production method of [23] or [24], wherein the    surfactant (E) is at least one kind selected from the group    consisting of glycerol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin ester, sucrose    fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester and    polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, each having an HLB of not    more than 10, and lecithins.-   [26] A method of producing a particulate composition comprising    reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises spray drying, in a gaseous    phase, an oil-in-water emulsion composition prepared from an oil    component (A) comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and an aqueous    solution comprising a water-soluble excipient.-   [27] The production method of any one of [22] to [26], wherein the    obtained particulate composition has a sphericity of not less than    0.8-   [28] The production method of any one of [22] to [27], wherein the    water-soluble excipient is at least one kind selected from the group    consisting of a water-soluble polymer, surfactant (C), sugar and a    yeast cell wall.-   [29] The production method of [28], wherein the water-soluble    polymer is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of    gum arabic, gelatin, agar, starch, pectin, carageenan, casein, dried    albumen, curdlan, alginic acids, soybean polysaccharide, pullulan,    celluloses, xanthan gum, carmellose salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone.-   [30] The production method of [28], wherein the surfactant (C) is at    least one kind selected from the group consisting of glycerol fatty    acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester,    polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, lecithins and saponins.-   [31] The production method of [28], wherein the sugar is at least    one kind selected from the group consisting of monosaccharide,    disaccharide, oligosaccharide, sugar alcohol and polysaccharide.-   [32] The production method of any one of [22] to [31], wherein the    oil component (A) comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ comprises 5-100 wt    % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-95 wt % of fat and oil, and 0-95 wt %    of surfactant (D).-   [33] The production method of [32], wherein the surfactant (D) is at    least one kind selected from the group consisting of glycerol fatty    acid ester, polyglycerin ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan    fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester and    polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, each having an HLB of not    more than 10, and lecithins.-   [34] The production method of any one of [22] to [33], wherein the    obtained particulate composition has a residual ratio of not less    than 50 wt % after preservation at 40° C. in the air in light    shading for 30 days.-   [35] A production method of a preparation comprising the step of any    one of [22] to [34].-   [36] A reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ which is not in a crystal state.-   [37] A reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ wherein at least a part thereof is not    crystal.-   [38] A reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ wherein not less than 10 wt % is not    crystal.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which is capable of maintaining high oralabsorbability that reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ originally has and extremelystably retaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ unstable in the air. The presentinvention also provides an industrial production method of theparticulate composition. In addition, the present invention alsoprovides non-crystalline reduced coenzyme Q and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀containing non-crystalline reduced coenzyme Q. Non-crystalline reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ is superior in absorbability in the body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an electron micrograph of the appearance of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 1.

FIG. 2 shows an electron micrograph of the section of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 5.

FIG. 3 shows an electron micrograph of the appearance of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 7.

FIG. 4 shows an electron micrograph of the section of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 8.

FIG. 5 shows an electron micrograph of the appearance of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 16.

FIG. 6 shows an electron micrograph of the section of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 16.

FIG. 7 shows test results of the oral absorbability of the particulatecompositions obtained in Examples 5, 6 and 7, and the powder obtained inComparative Example 1.

FIG. 8 shows test results of the oral absorbability when the particulatecompositions obtained in Examples 5, 8, 14, 15 and 16 and the powderobtained in Comparative Example 1 were ingested.

BEST MODE FOR EMBODYING THE INVENTION

The particulate composition of the present invention is first explained.In the particulate composition of the present invention, an oilcomponent (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is polydispersed forming adomain in a matrix containing a water-soluble excipient.

The reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in the particulate composition of thepresent invention is represented by the following formula (1):

wherein n=10.

As mentioned above, coenzyme Q₁₀ occurs in a reduced form and anoxidized form. In the present invention, coenzyme Q₁₀ refers to reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀. The particulate composition of the present inventionessentially contains reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which may be a reduced formalone or a mixture of oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.When the particulate composition of the present invention contains bothreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀, the proportion ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the total amount of coenzyme Q₁₀ (i.e., totalamount of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀) is notparticularly limited. For example, it is not less than about 20 wt %,generally not less than about 40 wt %, preferably not less than about 60wt %, more preferably not less than about 80 wt %, particularly not lessthan about 90 wt %, and especially not less than about 96 wt %. Whilethe upper limit is 100 wt % and is not particularly limited, it isgenerally not more than about 99.9 wt %.

Reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can be produced, as described in JP-A-10-109933,for example, by a method comprising obtaining coenzyme Q₁₀ which is amixture of oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ by aconventionally known method such as synthesis, fermentation, extractionfrom a naturally occurring substance, and the like, concentratingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ fraction in the eluent using chromatography and thelike. In this case, oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in theabove-mentioned coenzyme Q₁₀ may be reduced with a conventional reducingagent such as sodium borohydride, sodium dithionite (sodium dithionite)and the like, and concentrated by chromatography. In addition, reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ can be obtained by reacting existing high-purity oxidizedcoenzyme Q₁₀ with the above-mentioned reducing agent.

Preferably, it is obtained by reducing existing high-purity oxidizedcoenzyme Q₁₀, or coenzyme Q₁₀ which is a mixture of oxidized coenzymeQ₁₀ and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, using a conventional reducing agent, forexample, sodium hydrosulfite (sodium dithionite), sodium borohydride,ascorbic acids and the like. More preferably, it is obtained by reducingexisting high-purity oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀, or coenzyme Q₁₀ which is amixture of oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, usingascorbic acids.

The matrix in the present invention retains an oil component (A)containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and forms a particulate shape in theparticulate composition. The matrix in the present invention contains awater-soluble excipient as a main component. The main component heremeans that not less than 80 wt % of the matrix component is awater-soluble excipient.

While the water-soluble excipient in the present invention is notparticularly limited, it is preferably one kind selected from the groupconsisting of water-soluble polymer, surfactant (C), sugar, and yeastcell wall, or a mixture thereof. While the above-mentioned water-solubleexcipient is not particularly limited as long as it is acceptable forfood, cosmetic or pharmaceutical product, one acceptable for food isparticularly preferable.

As the above-mentioned water-soluble polymer, for example, gum arabic,gelatin, agar, starch, pectin, carageenan, casein, casein compound,dried albumen, curdlan, alginic acids, soybean polysaccharides,pullulan, celluloses, xanthan gum, carmellose salt (carmellose sodium,carmellose calcium and the like), higher fatty acid sugar ester,tragacanth, water-soluble polymer containing amino acid and/or sugar andthe like as main components such as milk and the like,polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like can be used singly or in a mixture oftwo or more kinds thereof. Of these, gum arabic, gelatin, agar, starch,pectin, carageenan, casein, dried albumen, curdlan, alginic acids,soybean polysaccharides, pullulan, celluloses, xanthan gum, carmellosesalt and polyvinylpyrrolidone are preferable. Gum arabic, gelatin andsoybean polysaccharides are more preferably used in view of thehandlability of aqueous solution during production, or since aparticulate composition simultaneously having high oxidative stabilityand high absorbability in the living body, which is the object of thepresent invention, can be obtained.

While the above-mentioned surfactant (C) is not particularly limited aslong as it is acceptable for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical product,one particularly acceptable for food is preferable. For example,glycerol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fattyacid esters, polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, lecithins andsaponins can be used. It is needless to say that they can be used aloneor in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof in the present invention.

As the aforementioned glycerol fatty acid esters, for example, fattyacid and organic acid esters of monoglycerol, polyglycerol fatty acidesters, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleate and the like can bementioned.

As the fatty acid and organic acid esters of monoglycerol, for example,stearic acid and citric acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid andacetic acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid and succinic acid esterof monoglycerol, caprylic acid and succinic acid ester of monoglycerol,stearic acid and lactic acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid anddiacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerol and the like can bementioned.

As the polyglycerol fatty acid ester, for example, one having an averagedegree of polymerization of polyglycerin of 2-10, wherein theconstituent fatty acid has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned polyglycerin condensed ricinoleate, for example,one having an average degree of polymerization of polyglycerin of 2-10,wherein the average degree of condensation of polyricinoleic acid(average number of condensation of ricinoleic acid) is 2 to 4, can bementioned.

As the aforementioned sucrose fatty acid esters, one wherein one or morehydroxyl groups of sucrose is/are each esterified with fatty acid having6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned sorbitan fatty acid esters, one wherein one ormore hydroxyl groups of sorbitan is/are each esterified with fatty acidhaving 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid esters, onewherein one or more hydroxyl groups of sorbitan has/have apolyoxyethylene chain and one or more hydroxyl groups is/are esterifiedwith fatty acid having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can bementioned.

As the aforementioned lecithins, for example, egg-yolk lecithin,purified soybean lecithin, phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, dicetylphosphate, stearylamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid,phosphatidylinositolamine, cardiolipin, ceramide phosphorylethanolamine,ceramide phosphoryl glycerol, enzymatically decomposed lecithin(lysolecithin) and a mixture thereof and the like can be mentioned.

As the aforementioned saponins, for example, enju saponin, quillajasaponin, soybean saponin, yucca saponin and the like can be mentioned.

Of the above-mentioned surfactant (C), surfactant (C) is preferably ahydrophilic surfactant and, for example, a surfactant having an HLB ofnot less than 4, generally not less than 6, preferably not less than 8,more preferably not less than 9.5, more preferably not less than 11 canbe used because an oil component containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can beemulsified stably, and a particulate composition simultaneously havinghigh oxidative stability and high absorbability in the living body,which is the object of the present invention, can be obtained.

As such surfactant, specifically, fatty acid and organic acid esters ofmonoglycerol such as stearic acid and citric acid ester of monoglycerol,stearic acid and diacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerol and thelike; polyglycerol fatty acid esters such as triglycerol monolaurate,triglycerol monomyristate, triglycerol monooleate, triglycerolmonostearate, pentaglycerol monomyristate, pentaglycerol trimyristicacid ester, pentaglycerol monooleate, pentaglycerol trioleate,pentaglycerol monostearate, pentaglycerol tristearate, hexaglycerolmonocaprylate, hexaglycerol dicaprylate, hexaglycerol monolaurate,hexaglycerol monomyristate, hexaglycerol monooleate, hexaglycerolmonostearate, decaglycerol monolaurate, decaglycerol monomyristate,decaglycerol monooleate, decaglycerol monopalmitic acid ester,decaglycerol monostearate, decaglycerol distearate and the like;polyglycerin condensed ricinoleate such as tetraglycerol condensedricinoleate, pentaglycerol condensed ricinoleate, hexaglycerol condensedricinoleate, diglycerol condensed ricinoleate and the like; sorbitanfatty acid esters such as sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate andthe like; polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester such aspolyoxyethylenesorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleateand the like, sucrose fatty acid esters such as sucrose palmitate,sucrose stearate and the like; lecithins such as soybean lecithin,egg-yolk lecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithin and the like; andsaponins such as enju saponin, quillaja saponin, soybean saponin, yuccasaponin and the like can be mentioned.

The above-mentioned sugar is not particularly limited as long as it isacceptable for food and, for example, monosaccharides such as glucose,fructose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and the like;disaccharides such as maltose, sucrose, lactose and the like;oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide,galactooligosaccharide, xylo-oligosaccharide and the like; sugaralcohols such as sorbitol, maltitol, erythritol, lactitol, xylitol andthe like; polysaccharides such as dextrin and the like; and the like canbe preferably used.

The dextrin is not particularly limited, and a degradation product ofstarch can be used, where both low molecular weight dextrin and highmolecular weight dextrin can be preferably used. However, from theaspect of solubility in aqueous layer and the like, dextrin having adextrose equivalent (DE) of generally not more than 40, preferably notmore than 35, more preferably not more than 30, and generally not lessthan 1, preferably not less than 2, more preferably not less than 5, canbe preferably used. Moreover, dextrin may be maltodextrin, cyclodextrin,cluster dextrin and the like.

As the above-mentioned yeast cell wall, beer yeast cell wall and thelike can be mentioned.

In the present invention, water-soluble polymer and sugar are preferablyused in combination as the water-soluble excipient. It is morepreferable to combine gum arabic as the water-soluble polymer andsucrose or dextrin as the sugar. When a water-soluble polymer and sugarare used in combination, the weight ratio of water-soluble polymer andsugar is not particularly limited. The weight of the water-solublepolymer relative to the total weight of water-soluble polymer and sugaris generally not less than 25%, preferably not less than 40%, morepreferably not less than 50%, particularly preferably not less than 60%,and generally not more than 99%, preferably not more than 95%, morepreferably not more than 90%, particularly preferably not more than 85%.

The oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulatecomposition of the present invention may be (1) reduced coenzyme Q₁₀alone, or coenzyme Q₁₀ which is a mixture of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ andoxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ (hereinafter to be simply referred to as coenzymeQ₁₀) alone, or (2) a mixture of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ or coenzyme Q₁₀,and fat and oil and/or a surfactant (D). When the oil component (A) is amixture of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ or coenzyme Q₁₀, and fat and oil and/ora surfactant (D), it is preferably an oil component that is visuallyuniformly mixed when heat-melted at 50° C. or above. From the aspect ofmaintaining a high content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in oil component (A),the above-mentioned (1) is preferable.

The fats and oils to be used when oil component (A) is theaforementioned (2) are not particularly limited and, for example, may benatural fats and oils from plants and animals, synthetic fats and oilsor processed fats and oils. More preferably, one acceptable for food,cosmetic or pharmaceutical agent is used. Examples of vegetable oilinclude coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, flaxseed oil, camelliaoil, brown rice germ oil, canola oil, rice oil, peanuts oil, corn oil,wheat germ oil, soy bean oil, perilla oil, cottonseed oil, sunflowerkerel oil, kapok oil, evening primrose oil, shea butter, sal butter,cacao butter, sesame oil, safflower oil, olive oil and the like, andexamples of animal fats and oils include lard, milk fat, fish oil, beeffat and the like. Furthermore, fats and oils obtained by processing themsuch as by fractionation, hydrogenation, transesterification (e.g.,hydrogenated oil) and the like are also included. It is needless to saythat medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and the like can also be used. Amixture thereof may be used. As the medium chain triglyceride, forexample, triglyceride wherein fatty acid has 6 to 12, preferably 8 to12, carbon atoms can be mentioned.

Of the above-mentioned fats and oils, vegetable fats and oils, syntheticfats and oils and processed fats and oils are preferable from theaspects of handlability, odor and the like. For example, coconut oil,palm oil, palm kernel oil, canola oil, rice oil, soy bean oil,cottonseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, MCT and the like can bementioned.

As the surfactant (D) to be used when oil component (A) is theaforementioned (2), for example, glycerol fatty acid esters,polyglycerin esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acidesters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters or polyoxyethylenesorbitanfatty acid ester, a surfactant having an HLB of not more than 10 orlecithins and the like are preferable, but the surfactant is not limitedto these.

As such glycerol fatty acid esters, for example, monoglycerides anddiglycerides wherein fatty acid has 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbonatoms can be mentioned. As the polyglycerin esters, for example,polyglycerin comprising polyglycerin having a polymerization degree of 2to 10 as a main component, wherein one or more hydroxyl groups ofpolyglycerin is/are esterified with fatty acid having 6 to 18,preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can be mentioned. As the sucrose fattyacid esters, one wherein one or more hydroxyl groups of sucrose is/areesterified with fatty acid having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbonatoms can be mentioned. As the sorbitan fatty acid esters, one whereinone or more hydroxyl groups of sorbitan is/are esterified with fattyacid having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can be mentioned.As the propylene glycol fatty acid esters, for example, monoglyceridesand diglycerides wherein fatty acid has 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12,carbon atoms can be mentioned. As the polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acidesters, one wherein one or more hydroxyl groups of sorbitan has/have apolyoxyethylene chain and one or more hydroxyl groups is/are esterifiedwith fatty acid having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms can bementioned. As the lecithins, for example, egg-yolk lecithin, purifiedsoybean lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, dicetyl phosphate, stearylamine,phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositolamine,cardiolipin, ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, ceramide phosphorylglycerol, enzymatically decomposed lecithin (lysolecithin), and amixture thereof and the like can be mentioned.

Of the above-mentioned surfactant (D), a hydrophilic surfactant ispreferable and, for example, a surfactant having an HLB of not more than9, preferably not more than 8, more preferably not more than 6, stillmore preferably less than 5 can be used because it shows goodcompatibility with reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, and a particulate compositionsimultaneously having high oxidative stability and high absorbability inthe living body, which is the object of the present invention, can beobtained. Lecithins can be preferably used without limitation by itsHLB.

As such surfactant, specifically, monoglycerol monofatty acid esterssuch as monoglycerol monostearate, monoglycerol monooleate, monoglycerolmonomyristate, monoglycerol monocaprylate, monoglycerol monolaurate,monoglycerol monobehenate, monoglycerol monoerucate and the like;monoglycerol difatty acid esters such as monoglycerol distearate,monoglycerol dioleate, monoglycerol dicaprylate, monoglycerol dilaurateand the like; fatty acid and organic acid esters of monoglycerol such asstearic acid and citric acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid andacetic acid ester of monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and aceticacid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid and succinic acid ester ofmonoglycerol, caprylic acid and succinic acid ester of monoglycerol,stearic acid and lactic acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid anddiacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerol and the like; monoglycerolfatty acid esters obtained using various fats and oils such ashydrogenated beef tallow and fatty acid esters of monoglycerol,hydrogenated canola oil and fatty acid esters of monoglycerol,hydrogenated soybean oil and fatty acid esters of monoglycerol,cottonseed oil and fatty acid esters of monoglycerol, safflower oil andfatty acid esters of monoglycerol and the like; polyglycerol fatty acidesters such as ester of polyglycerin having an average polymerizationdegree of 2-10 and fatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and the like;propylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propylene glycolmonostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, and propylene glycolmonolaurate and the like; sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitandistearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitandioleate, and sorbitan trioleate and the like; polyoxyethylenesorbitanfatty acid ester such as polyoxyethylenesorbitan monostearate,polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate and the like, and a mixture of one ormore kinds selected from lecithins such as soybean lecithin, egg-yolklecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithin and the like can bementioned. Of these, preferred is a mixture of one or more kindsselected from glycerol fatty acid esters and lecithins, more preferredis a mixture of one or more kinds selected from monoglycerol monofattyacid esters, monoglycerol difatty acid esters, fatty acid and organicacid esters of monoglycerol (particularly fatty acid and acetic acidesters of monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acid esterof monoglycerol), polyglycerol fatty acid esters (particularlydiglycerol monofatty acid esters) and polyglycerin condensed ricinoleate(particularly ester of polyglycerin having an average degree ofpolymerization of 2-10 and polyricinoleic acid having a condensationdegree of 2-4), soybean lecithin, egg-yolk lecithin, and enzymaticallydecomposed lecithin, more preferred are fatty acid and organic acidesters of monoglycerol (particularly fatty acid and acetic acid estersof monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acid esters ofmonoglycerol), diglycerol monooleate, soybean lecithin, egg-yolklecithin and enzymatically decomposed lecithin. Specific examples of theabove-mentioned fatty acid and acetic acid esters of monoglycerol,hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acid esters of monoglycerol include50% acetylated product of monoglycerol monostearate, completelyacetylated product of hydrogenated coconut oil monoglyceride.

Besides the above-mentioned, the oil component (A) in the presentinvention may contain, according to various objects, an oil-solublecomponent such as solid fat and oil, fatty acid and ester derivativesthereof and the like.

As the aforementioned solid fat and oil, for example, wax for food suchas bees wax, vegetable wax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, carnauba wax,snow wax and the like can be mentioned.

The aforementioned fatty acid and ester derivatives thereof include, butare not limited to, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristicacid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and estersthereof, for example, methyl ester, ethyl ester and the like thereof.

While the composition ratio of an oil component (A) containing reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition of the present invention isnot particularly limited, the content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in oilcomponent (A) is generally not less than 5 wt %, preferably not lessthan 20 wt %, more preferably not less than 40 wt %, more preferably notless than 50 wt %, particularly preferably not less than 60 wt %, fromthe aspect of prevention of a decrease in the content of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ in the finally obtained particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀. The upper limit of the content of reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ in oil component (A) is of course 100 wt %, and use of fats and oilsand surfactant other than reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ as oil component (A) isnot always necessary. However, when fat and oil or surfactant is used,the upper limit of the content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in oil component(A) is 99.99 wt %. The content of fat and oil in oil component (A) isgenerally not more than 95 wt %, preferably not more than 75 wt %, morepreferably not more than 50 wt %, particularly preferably not more than30 wt %. Use of fats and oils is not always necessary and the lowerlimit thereof is 0 wt % and generally not less than 0.01 wt % when it isto be used. The content of the surfactant is generally not more than 95wt %, preferably not more than 75 wt %, more preferably not more than 50wt %, particularly preferably not more than 30 wt %. Use of surfactantis not always necessary and the lower limit thereof is 0 wt % andgenerally not less than 0.01 wt % when it is to be used. That is, as thecomposition, oil component (A) preferably contains 5-100 wt % of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀, 0-95 wt % of fat and oil, 0-95 wt % of surfactant, morepreferably contains 20-100 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-75 wt % offat and oil, and 0-75 wt % of surfactant, more preferably contains40-100 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-50 wt % of fat and oil, and 0-50wt % of surfactant, particularly preferably contains 50-100 wt % ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-50 wt % of fat and oil, and 0-50 wt % ofsurfactant, and particularly preferably contains 60-100 wt % of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀, 0-50 wt % of fat and oil, and 0-50 wt % of surfactant. Itis needless to say that the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ here may be a mixtureof reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀, i.e., coenzyme Q₁₀.

The average particle size of the domain formed by the oil component (A)containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition of thepresent invention is not particularly limited as long as the object ofthe present invention can be achieved. When the average particle size ofthe domain formed is large, absorbability of the particulate compositionmay decrease. Thus, the average particle size is generally not more than50 μm, preferably not more than 20 μm, more preferably not more than 15μm, particularly preferably not more than 10 μm. On the other hand, whenthe average particle size of the domain is small, problems occur in thatexcess water-soluble excipient is needed to maintain stability ofemulsion droplet during the production process, excess load is appliedto an emulsification apparatus and the like. Thus, the average particlesize is generally 0.001 μm, preferably not less than 0.005 μm, morepreferably not less than 0.01 μm, particularly preferably not less than0.1 μm.

The average particle size of the domain formed by an oil component (A)containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can be determined by rupturing aparticulate composition into hemisphere, followed by image analysis ofelectron microscopic images of the broken-out section thereof.

While the content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate compositionof the present invention is not particularly limited, it is generallynot less than 1 wt %, preferably not less than 5 wt %, more preferablynot less than 10 wt %, from the aspect of reducing the amount ofingestion of the particulate composition necessary for intake of a givenamount of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀. On the other hand, it is generally notmore than 70 wt %, preferably not more than 50 wt %, more preferably notmore than 40 wt %, from the aspect of maintaining the high stability ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition. That is, thecontent of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition of thepresent invention is generally 1-70 wt %, preferably 5-50 wt %, morepreferably 10-40 wt %.

In the particulate composition of the present invention, an oilcomponent (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is polydispersed, formingpreferably not less than 5 domains, more preferably not less than 1,000,more preferably not less than 10,000, particularly preferably not lessthan 100,000 in the matrix containing a water-soluble excipient. Whilethe upper limit is not particularly limited, it is generally about1,000,000,000.

When the number of domain in the matrix containing a water-solubleexcipient is less than 5, the content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in thefinally-obtained particulate composition decreases, which unpreferablyrequires ingestion of a large amount of particulate composition for theoral administration of a given amount of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

In the present invention, the particulate composition preferably shows asphericity of not less than 0.8, more preferably not less than 0.85,most preferably not less than 0.9. When the sphericity of theparticulate composition is high, the total surface area per unit weightof the particulate composition becomes small. As a result, theparticulate composition is not easily subject to an oxidation reactiondue to the oxygen molecules in the air assumed to proceed from theparticle surface. On the other hand, when the sphericity of aparticulate composition is low, the total surface area per unit weightof the particulate composition becomes high. As a result, theparticulate composition is easily subject to an oxidation reaction dueto the oxygen molecules in the air assumed to proceed from the particlesurface, and a particulate composition having high oxidative stability,which is one of the objects of the present invention, tends to bedifficult to obtain. In other words, the present inventors have foundthat even when reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ having the same composition iscontained in particulate compositions, the oxidative stability of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ having high oxidative stability in the particulatecompositions varies depending on the sphericity thereof.

The sphericity of a particulate composition can be determined byphotographing a target particulate composition with an electronmicroscope etc., and from a diameter ratio of the diameter of a circlehaving the same area and a smallest circumscribing circle, using animage analysis software WinROOF Ver.3.30 and the like.

Moreover, in the particulate composition of the present invention, whenthe particle size is approximately the same, a composition having asmaller surface roughness (Ra) is more preferable. It is considered thatthe smaller the surface roughness (Ra) of a particulate composition is,the smaller becomes the total surface area per unit weight of theparticulate composition, and the particulate composition is not easilysubject to an oxidation reaction due to the oxygen molecules in the airassumed to proceed from the particle surface. In contrast, when thesurface roughness (Ra) of a particulate composition is large, the totalsurface area per unit weight of the particulate composition becomeslarge. As a result, the particulate composition is easily subject to anoxidation reaction due to the oxygen molecules in the air assumed toproceed from the particle surface, and a particulate composition havinghigh oxidative stability, which is one of the objects of the presentinvention, tends to be difficult to obtain.

The surface roughness (Ra) of a particle can be determined, for example,as arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) defined in JIS B 0601-1994.The surface roughness here is considered to be in an oppositerelationship with the above-mentioned sphericity, where the sphericityis high, the surface roughness tends to be small.

In the particulate composition of the present invention, not less than10 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the composition is generallynon-crystalline, i.e., amorphous or molten. Preferably not less than 20wt %, more preferably not less than 50 wt %, more preferably not lessthan 70 wt %, particularly preferably not less than 80 wt %, and 100 wt% at maximum is not crystalline. In general, when preserved at nothigher than the melting point, reduced coenzyme Q gradually shifts to acrystalline state. In the particulate composition obtained by thebelow-mentioned preferable production method, for example, not less than10 wt % of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the composition is notcrystalline even after preservation at 25° C. in the air for 30 daysafter production. Reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is maintained in an amorphous ormolten state in the particulate composition, rather than a crystallinestate. Thus, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in an oil component (A), which isreleased upon disintegration of the particulate composition by gastricjuice or intestinal juice after oral administration, is assumed tomaintain an amorphous or molten state. In general, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀in an amorphous or molten state is more susceptible to emulsification inthe stomach or intestine by surfactant ingredients co-existing in theliving body or particulate composition, rather than reduced coenzyme Q₁₀in a crystalline state. As a result, absorption of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀in an amorphous or molten state from the gastrointestinal tract is moreeasily promoted than reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in a crystalline state.Consequently, the preferable particulate composition of the presentinvention is considered to acquire high oral absorbability, which is oneof the objects thereof. In the particulate composition of the presentinvention, its structure is controlled to allow an oil component (A)containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ to be a polydispersion by forming adomain in the water-soluble excipient matrix. In a preferable productionmethod, for example, since a molten oil component (A) containing reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ is enclosed in a microcapsule surrounded by a water-solubleexcipient, the probability of development of the crystal nucleus ofreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ drastically decreases, and the amorphous or moltenstate of particles is maintained for a long time after its formation. Inother words, the structure of the particulate composition of the presentinvention, wherein an oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀(A) is polydispersed forming a domain in a matrix containing awater-soluble excipient, is assumed to be extremely important forrealizing high oral absorbability.

While the volume average particle size of the particulate composition ofthe present invention is not particularly limited as long as the objectof the present invention can be achieved. In view of the easiness ofrecovery as a powder and the like, it is preferably not less than 1 μm,more preferably not less than 5 μm, more preferably not less than 10 μm,particularly preferably not less than 20 μm, especially preferably notless than 50 μm. The upper limit of the volume average particle size isnot particularly limited as long as the high stability and highabsorbability of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which is the object of thepresent invention, can be maintained. For easy processing into food,pharmaceutical product, cosmetic and the like, it is preferably not morethan 5000 μm, more preferably not more than 2000 μm, more preferably notmore than 1000 μm, particularly preferably not more than 800 μm,especially preferably not more than 700 μm. That is, the volume averageparticle size of the particulate composition of the present invention ispreferably 1-5000 μm, more preferably 5-2000 μm, still more preferably10-1000 μm, particularly preferably 20-800 μm, especially preferably50-700 μm. The volume average particle size can be measured using, forexample, an ethanol solvent in a laser diffraction scattering typeparticle size distribution measurement apparatus (Microtruck MT3000IImanufactured by NIKKISO CO., LTD.).

In addition, the particulate composition of the present invention cancontain various additives and active ingredients other than coenzyme Q₁₀usable for various objects in respective uses of food, cosmetics andpharmaceutical products according to each object.

For example, in addition to the above-mentioned compounds, excipientssuch as crystalline cellulose, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate andthe like, disintegrants such as calcium citrate, calcium carbonate,sodium hydrogencarbonate, dextrin, crystalline cellulose,carboxymethylcellulose, tragacanth, alginic acid and the like,lubricants such as talc, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol,silica, hydrogenated oil and the like, pigments such as titanium oxide,foodcolor, colcothar, safflower pigment, caramel pigment, gardeniapigment, tar pigment, chlorophyll and the like, antiblocking agents suchas stearic acid, talc, light anhydrous silicic acid, hydrated silicondioxide and the like, absorption promoters such as higher alcohols,higher fatty acids and the like, solubilizing agents such as fumaricacid, succinic acid, malic acid and the like, stabilizers such asbenzoic acid, sodium benzoate, ethyl p-oxybenzoate, bees wax and thelike can be used.

The active ingredient other than coenzyme Q₁₀ is not particularlylimited as long as it is acceptable to be used for food, cosmetic orpharmaceutical product and, for example, glutathione, L-cysteine,N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, tocotrienol, vitamin E(α-tocopherol) and ester derivative thereof, erythorbic acid and esterderivative and salt thereof, vitamin A and ester derivative thereof,carotenoid, zeaxanthine, astaxanthin, lycopene, flavonoid, L-carnitineand pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof such as tartrate andfumarate thereof and the like, acetyl-L-carnitine,propionyl-L-carnitine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, manganese, riboflavin,niacinamide, curcuminoid, proanthocyanidin extracted from grape seed andpine bark, NADH (reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide), NADPH(reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate), resveratrol,bilberryan extract, milk thistle extract, highly unsaturated fatty acidobtained by concentration from fish oil and the like, ester derivativeof vitamin C and the like can be mentioned. Preferably, glutathione,L-cysteine, tocotrienol, vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and ester derivativethereof, erythorbic acid and ester derivative and salt thereof, vitaminA and ester derivative thereof, carotenoid, rutin, astaxanthin,lycopene, flavonoid and L-carnitine can be mentioned. Of these,antioxidants such as carotenoid, astaxanthin, vitamin E and esterderivative thereof and the like are preferable from the aspect ofstability of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀. Needless to say, various componentsrecited here can also be used as a mixture of two or more kinds thereof.

Now the production method of the particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of the present invention is explained. Theparticulate composition of the present invention is preferably obtainedby the following production method. However, if a similar particulatecomposition can be obtained by a different production method, theproduction method is not limited to the following.

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of thepresent invention can be preferably produced by

-   (1) a method comprising suspending a oil-in-water emulsion    composition prepared from an oil component (A) containing reduced    coenzyme Q₁₀ and an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble    excipient in oil component (B), and removing water from the    oil-in-water emulsion composition in oil component (B) (hereinafter    referred to as production method (1)), or,-   (2) a method comprising spray-drying, in a gaseous phase, a    oil-in-water emulsion composition prepared from an oil component (A)    containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and an aqueous solution containing a    water-soluble excipient (hereinafter referred to as production    method (2)).

In the above-mentioned production methods (1) and (2), the water-solubleexcipient is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solutiondissolved in water, where the concentration is free of any particularlimitation. It is preferable to handle at a concentration at which theviscosity of aqueous solution does not exceed 1 Poise, since thetransferring property and the like can be ensured. Specific examples andpreferable examples of the water-soluble excipient here are the same asthose recited in the above-mentioned explanation of the particulatecomposition.

In the above-mentioned production methods (1) and (2), a most convenientand preferable preparation method of the oil component (A) containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ includes, but is not limited to, adding, wherenecessary, fat and oil and/or surfactant (D) and the like to reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ melted at not less than 50° C., and mixing by stirring andthe like. Specific examples and preferable examples of oil component (A)here are the same as those recited in the above-mentioned explanation ofthe particulate composition.

In the production methods (1) and (2) of the present invention, theoil-in-water emulsion composition is prepared from the above-mentionedoil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, and an aqueoussolution containing a water-soluble excipient. In the above-mentionedpreparation method of the oil-in-water emulsion composition, forexample, it is most convenient and preferable to add an oil component(A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ prepared at a temperature not lessthan the melting point of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ to an aqueous solutioncontaining a water-soluble excipient, which was heated in advance to notless than 50° C., and finely disperse or emulsify oil component (A) to adesired average particle size using a known emulsification apparatussuch as high-pressure homogenizer etc. In addition, it is possible toadd a reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder, together with, where necessary, otheroil component to an aqueous solution containing a water-solubleexcipient, which was heated in advance to not less than 50° C., meltreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ with/without other oil component in an aqueoussolution of water-soluble excipient, and emulsify the mixture, ordirectly add reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder or as a melt at not less than50° C. and, where necessary, other oil component to an aqueous solutioncontaining a water-soluble excipient, heat the mixture to not less than50° C. to melt reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and other oil component and emulsifythe mixture. However, the method is not limited to these.

In the production method of the present invention, the emulsion particlesize of an oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of theabove-mentioned oil-in-water emulsion composition is not particularlylimited. When the average particle size of oil component (A) in theoil-in-water emulsion composition is large, the absorbability of theparticulate composition may decrease. Thus, it is generally not morethan 50 μm, preferably not more than 20 μm, more preferably not morethan 15 μm, particularly preferably not more than 10 μm. When theaverage particle size of oil component (A) in the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition is small, problems occur in that excess water-solubleexcipient is needed to maintain stability of emulsion droplet during theproduction process, excess load is applied to an emulsificationapparatus and the like. Thus, the average particle size is generally0.001 μm, preferably not less than 0.05 μm, more preferably not lessthan 0.1 μm. By controlling the particle size of the emulsion droplet inthis step, the domain particle size of the obtained particulatecomposition can be controlled.

The above-mentioned emulsion particle size of oil component (A) in theoil-in-water emulsion composition can be measured using a commerciallyavailable laser diffraction • scattering type particle size distributionmeasurement apparatus.

In the production methods (1) and (2) of the present invention, thetemperature of the step for preparing a oil-in-water emulsioncomposition from an oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀and an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble excipient andemulsion step is not particularly limited as long as it is not less thanthe temperature at which reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-watercomposition is melted. Generally, it is not less than 50° C., preferablynot less than 55° C., more preferably not less than 60° C. The upperlimit is the boiling point of the system, which varies depending on theconditions such as pressurization and the like and the temperaturecannot be defined generally. In the case of normal pressure conditions,the temperature is generally not more than 100° C., preferably not morethan 90° C.

In the production method (1) of the present invention, theabove-mentioned oil-in-water emulsion composition is mixed with adifferent oil component (B), and the oil-in-water emulsion compositionis suspended in oil component (B) to a desired particle size, whereby anO/W/O emulsion can be produced. The above-mentioned mixing operation is,for example, most conveniently and preferably performed by adding aoil-in-water emulsion composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ to oilcomponent (B) heated in advance to not less than 50° C. However, themethod is not limited to this. The size of the particles suspended inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition in oil component (B) can beadjusted by stirring, circulation of solution etc., or applying shear tothe mixture. The temperature of oil component (B) during preparation ofthe mixture is preferably generally within the range of 50-100° C. toprevent rapid evaporation of water.

While the mixing ratio of the oil-in-water emulsion composition and oilcomponent (B) in the production method (1) of the present invention isfree of any particular limitation, the weight percentage of theoil-in-water emulsion composition in the mixture of the oil-in-wateremulsion composition and oil component (B) is preferably not less than 1wt %, more preferably not less than 10 wt %, particularly preferably notless than 15 wt %, from the aspect of production efficiency and thelike. In addition, it is preferably not more than 70 wt %, particularlypreferably not more than 60 wt %, particularly preferably not more than50 wt %, from the aspect of suspendability in oil component (B) of theoil-in-water emulsion composition and the like. It is generally 1-70 wt%, preferably 10-60 wt %, particularly preferably 15-50 wt %.

In the production method (1) of the present invention, theabove-mentioned O/W/O emulsion is afforded and then water is removedfrom the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspended in oil component(B). For removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsion composition,for example, the composition is heated to not less than 80° C.,preferably not less than 100° C., under atmospheric pressure toevaporate water. Alternatively, a method including setting thetemperature to a temperature not less than the boiling point of water(at the corresponding pressure), under any reduced pressure, andevaporating water and the like can be mentioned, but the method is notlimited thereto. From the aspects of shortening of operation time andthe like, the removal is preferably performed under any reducedpressure.

In the present invention, oil component (B) in production method (1) isa component containing fat and oil or, where necessary, surfactant (E).The fats and oils to be used for oil component (B) are not particularlylimited as long as they can suspend the above-mentioned oil-in-wateremulsion composition and may be, for example, natural fats and oils fromplants and animals, or synthetic fats and oils or processed fats andoils. More preferably, they are acceptable for food, cosmetic orpharmaceutical agent. Examples of the vegetable oil include coconut oil,palm oil, palm kernel oil, flaxseed oil, camellia oil, brown rice germoil, canola oil, rice oil, peanuts oil, corn oil, wheat germ oil, soybean oil, perilla oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower kerel oil, kapok oil,evening primrose oil, shea butter, sal butter, cacao butter, sesame oil,safflower oil olive oil, and the like, and examples of animal fats andoils include lard, milk fat, fish oil, beef fat and the like.Furthermore, fats and oils obtained by processing them by fractionation,hydrogenation, transesterification (e.g., hydrogenated oil) and the likeare also included. It is needless to say that medium-chain triglyceride(MCT) can also be used. In addition, a mixture thereof may be used.

Examples of the medium-chain triglyceride include triglyceride whereinfatty acid has 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms

Of the above-mentioned fats and oils, vegetable fats and oils, syntheticfats and oils and processed fats and oils are preferable from theaspects of handlability, odor and the like. For example, coconut oil,palm oil, palm kernel oil, canola oil, rice oil, soy bean oil,cottonseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, MCT and the like can be used.

In production method (1) of the present invention, oil component (B) maybe fat and oil alone. Where necessary, oil component (B) can containsurfactant (E). The droplet of the oil-in-water emulsion compositiongradually comes to have greater adhesiveness as the progress of drying,and particles tend to easily agglomerate with each other. However, inthe co-presence of surfactant (E) in oil component (B), agglomeration ofoil-in-water emulsion composition droplets with increased adhesivenessduring drying is drastically reduced and, as a result, the recovery rateof particulate composition having a desired volume average particle sizecan preferably be improved strikingly.

While the content of surfactant (E) in oil component (B) is free of anyparticular limitation, the wt % of surfactant (E) relative to oilcomponent (B) is generally not less than 0.001 wt %, preferably not lessthan 0.005 wt %, more preferably not less than 0.01 wt %, from theaspect of suppression of agglomeration during drying of the oil-in-wateremulsion composition droplets and the like. While the upper limit is notparticularly limited, it is generally not more than 95 wt %, preferablynot more than 80 wt %, more preferably not more than 60 wt %, from theaspect of flowability of oil component (B), removal of surfactant (E)and the like.

The above-mentioned surfactant (E) is not particularly limited as longas it is acceptable to be used for food, cosmetic or pharmaceuticalproduct. A surfactant acceptable for food is particularly preferableand, for example, surfactants such as glycerol fatty acid esters,polyglycerol esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acidesters, polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester and the like, andlecithins, which have an HLB of not more than 10, can be used. Needlessto say, they may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more kindsthereof in the present invention.

Examples of glycerol fatty acid esters include monoglycerides anddiglycerides wherein fatty acid has 6 to 18, preferably 12 to 18, carbonatoms.

Examples of polyglycerol esters include polyglycerol fatty acid estersobtained by esterification of one or more hydroxyl groups ofpolyglycerin comprising polyglycerin having a polymerization degree of 2to 10 as a main component with fatty acid(s) having 6 to 18, preferably12 to 18, carbon atoms, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid estersand the like.

Examples of sucrose fatty acid esters include one wherein one or morehydroxyl groups of sucrose is/are esterified with fatty acid having 6 to18, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms.

Examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include one wherein one or morehydroxyl groups of sorbitan is/are esterified with fatty acid having 6to 18, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms.

Examples of the polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid esters include onewherein one or more hydroxyl groups of sorbitan has/have apolyoxyethylene chain and one or more hydroxyl groups is/are esterifiedwith fatty acid having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms.

Examples of lecithins include egg-yolk lecithin, purified soybeanlecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, dicetyl phosphate, stearylamine,phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositolamine,cardiolipin, ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, ceramide phosphorylglycerol, enzymatically decomposed lecithin (lysolecithin) and a mixturethereof and the like.

HLB of the above-mentioned surfactant (E) is preferably not more than10, more preferably not more than 7, most preferably not more than 5because agglomeration of oil-in-water emulsion composition dropletsduring drying can be efficiently suppressed. Lecithins can be preferablyused without any limitation of HLB.

Specific example of such surfactant is a mixture of one or more kindsselected from monoglycerol monofatty acid esters such as monoglycerolmonostearate, monoglycerol monooleate, monoglycerol monomyristate,monoglycerol monocaprylate, monoglycerol monolaurate, monoglycerolmonobehenate, monoglycerol monoerucate and the like; monoglyceroldifatty acid esters such as monoglycerol distearate, monoglyceroldioleate, monoglycerol dicaprylate, monoglycerol dilaurate and the like;fatty acid and organic acid esters of monoglycerol such as stearic acidand citric acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid and acetic acidester of monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acid ester ofmonoglycerol, stearic acid and succinic acid ester of monoglycerol,caprylic acid and succinic acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid andlactic acid ester of monoglycerol, stearic acid and diacetyltartaricacid ester of monoglycerol and the like; monoglycerol fatty acid estersobtained using various fats and oils such as hydrogenated beef tallowand fatty acid esters of monoglycerol, hydrogenated canola oil and fattyacid esters of monoglycerol, hydrogenated soybean oil and fatty acidesters of monoglycerol, cottonseed oil and fatty acid esters ofmonoglycerol, safflower oil and fatty acid esters of monoglycerol andthe like; polyglycerol esters such as polyglycerol fatty acid esters(e.g., an ester of polyglycerin having an average degree ofpolymerization of 2-10 and a fatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms andthe like), and polyglycerin condensed ricinoleate (e.g., an ester ofpolyglycerin having an average degree of polymerization of 2-10 andpolyricinoleic acid having a condensation degree of 2-4 and the like)and the like; propylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propyleneglycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycolmonolaurate and the like; sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitandistearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitandioleate, sorbitan trioleate and the like; polyoxyethylenesorbitan fattyacid ester such as polyoxyethylenesorbitan monostearate,polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate and the like; lecithins such assoybean lecithin, egg-yolk lecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithinand the like. Of the above-mentioned, a mixture of one or more kindsselected from glycerol fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acidesters, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleates and lecithins is preferable,a mixture of one or more kinds selected from monoglycerol monofatty acidesters, monoglycerol difatty acid esters, fatty acid and organic acidesters of monoglycerol (particularly fatty acid and acetic acid estersof monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acid ester ofmonoglycerol), polyglycerol fatty acid esters (particularly an ester ofpolyglycerin having an average degree of polymerization of 2-10 and afatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms) and polyglycerin condensedricinoleates (particularly an ester of polyglycerin having an averagedegree of polymerization of 2-10 and polyricinoleic acid having acondensation degree of 2-4) is more preferable, and fatty acid andorganic acid esters of monoglycerol (particularly fatty acid and aceticacid esters of monoglycerol, hydrogenated coconut oil and acetic acidester of monoglycerol, specifically 50% acetylated product ofmonoglycerol monostearate, completely acetylated product of hydrogenatedcoconut oil monoglyceride), tetraglycerol pentaoleate, polyglycerincondensed ricinoleate, egg-yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin,enzymatically decomposed lecithin are still more preferable.

In the production method (1) of the present invention, use of MCT as fatand oil and egg-yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin or enzymaticallydecomposed lecithin as surfactant (E) in combination is particularlypreferable.

In the production method (1) of the present invention, the timenecessary for removing water from oil-in-water emulsion compositiondroplets is free of any particular limitation. It is preferably withinthe range of 5 sec-24 hr, more preferably 1 min-12 hr, most preferably 5min-6 hr. The time necessary for removing water of less than 5 sec isnot preferable because violent bubbling occurs due to instantaneousevaporation of water from oil component (B). On the other hand, the timenecessary for removing water of longer than 24 hr is not preferablebecause producibility is degraded.

Even if water is not completely removed, removal of water in theproduction method (1) of the present invention is sufficient as long asdrying of oil-in-water emulsion composition droplets proceeds andrecovery as particles is possible. The residual water content isgenerally preferably not more than 30 wt %, more preferably not morethan 10 wt %, most preferably not more than 5 wt %, of the weight ofrecovered particles.

In the above-mentioned production method (1), the method of recoveringthe particulate composition after removal of water is not particularlylimited. It is most convenient and preferable to remove oil component(B) by solid-liquid separation, wash the obtained particulatecomposition with an organic solvent etc. to wash away most part of oilcomponent (B), evaporate the organic solvent and recover the compositionas a powder.

The organic solvent used for washing oil component (B) is notparticularly limited as long as it can dissolve and remove oil component(B). It is preferably an organic solvent usable for the production offood, pharmaceutical product, cosmetic and the like.

Examples of the solvent include ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone,hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and the like. Of these, ethanolis most preferable when the particulate composition of the presentinvention is used for food. The above-mentioned organic solvent can bedried by, but is not limited to, vacuum drying, drying by heating, airdrying and the like. The particulate composition after recovery may besubjected to a classification operation to have a desirable particlesize of a given product.

In the production method (2) of the present invention, as mentionedabove, the particulate composition of the present invention can beobtained by spray drying, in a gaseous phase, a oil-in-water emulsioncomposition prepared from an oil component (A) containing reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ and an aqueous solution containing a water-solubleexcipient. For spray drying in a gaseous phase, what is called a spraydry method can be used. The conditions for spray drying can beappropriately selected from the conditions generally employed.

Of the above-mentioned two kinds of production methods, productionmethod (1) is a more preferable production method since a particulatecomposition having high oxidative stability, high sphericity and smallsurface roughness (Ra), which is the object of the present invention,tends to be easily obtained because removal of water proceeds whileindividual oil-in-water emulsion composition droplets suspended in anearly spherical shape in oil component (B) maintain the sphericalshape.

A particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ having anearly spherical shape and small surface roughness (Ra) can also beformed by production method (2) by appropriately controlling thetemperature and residence time and the like during drying.

The stabilizing method and handling method of the particulatecomposition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of the present invention arenow explained.

The stabilization as referred to in the present specification meanssuppression of oxidation of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ to oxidized coenzymeQ₁₀. The handling as referred to in the present specification meansmaintaining or exerting the function of a certain object by applying anexternal action on the object. While examples of handling is notlimited, they include taking out from a coating machine, wrapping,packaging, preservation, storage, transport and classification, withpreference given to preservation.

The upper limit of the temperature of the stabilizing method andhandling method of the particulate composition containing reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ of the present invention is generally not more than about100° C., preferably not more than about 80° C., more preferably not morethan about 60° C., more preferably not more than about 40° C.,particularly preferably not more than about 20° C. In this case, thelower limit of the temperature is generally not less than about −100°C., preferably not less than about −80° C., more preferably not lessthan about −60° C., more preferably not less than about −40° C.,particularly preferably not less than about −20° C.

The reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ residual ratio (%) after preservation at 40° C.in the air for 30 days under shading conditions of the particulatecomposition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of the present invention isnot particularly limited. It is not less than about 50 wt %, preferablynot less than about 60 wt %, more preferably not less than about 70 wt%, still more preferably not less than about 80 wt %, particularlypreferably not less than about 90 wt %.

The present invention provides a stabilizing method and a handlingmethod of a particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ anda preparation containing the composition, which are characterized bycontrolling the relative humidity. In the stabilizing method or handlingmethod of the present invention, the humidity of the preservationatmosphere is important. By controlling the humidity, the stability ofthe particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can bemarkedly improved. The upper limit of the relative humidity is notparticularly limited as long as a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can be preserved stably. Generally, a particulatecomposition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ can be more stably handledunder an environment adjusted to the relative humidity of not more thanabout 90%, preferably not more than about 80%, more preferably not morethan about 70%, particularly preferably not more than about 60%. Thelower limit of the relative humidity is 0%.

The above-mentioned environment with adjusted relative humidity can beafforded by dehumidification of the environment or introduction of adehumidificated gas (e.g., air, preferably dry inert gas such as drynitrogen and the like) into the environment and the like. While theabove-mentioned dehumidification is not particularly limited, it isachieved by moisture freezing, use of a dehumidification machine,desiccant agent (silica gel, calcium chloride, synthesis zeolite etc.)and the like. Needless to say, the method is not particularly questionedas long as the environment with adjusted relative humidity can beafforded.

To maximally exert the effect of the invention and from the aspect ofthe stability of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, the production and preservationof the particulate composition of the present invention is naturallypreferably performed under a deoxygenation atmosphere. For example, itis preferably performed under a deoxygenation atmosphere using an inertgas such as nitrogen gas, argon gas etc., and the like.

The present invention provides a stabilizing method and a handlingmethod of a particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀,which is obtained in the present invention, which is characterized bywrapping or packaging with a glass, plastic and/or metal material. Thestability of the particulate composition is markedly improved bywrapping or packaging with the above-mentioned material.

As the glass material, for example, soft glass, hard glass and the likecan be used. As the plastic material, for example, high densitypolyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene,polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidene chloride, nylon and the like can be used.Needless to say, a film laminated with the above-mentioned plasticmaterial, a film laminated with aluminum and the like on a plasticmaterial such as aluminum laminate and the like, and a film obtained byvapor depositing aluminum, alumina, silica and the like on a plasticmaterial are also included in the plastic materials.

As the metal material, for example, iron, aluminum, zinc, nickel,cobalt, copper, tin, titanium, chrome or alloy thereof (stainless, brassetc.) can be used. In addition, an enameled material using glass andmetal in combination and the like can also be used.

The above-mentioned materials are preferably formed into a bottle, bag,can, drum, box and the like and used for wrapping or packaging theparticulate composition of the present invention. Using theabove-mentioned materials, moreover, PTP packaging, three-sided sealpackaging, four-sided seal packaging, pillow packaging, strip packaging,aluminum molded packaging, stick packaging and the like can also beperformed. When a material having comparatively low gas barrier andmoisture-proof properties such as polyethylene and the like is used,double wrapping or packing or more is preferable. In this case, use of amaterial having comparatively high gas barrier and moisture-proofproperties such as aluminum laminate, vapor deposition films (e.g.,aluminum, alumina, silica and the like), glass, metal and the like isparticularly preferable. After wrapping and packing, the composition canbe transported or preserved in, where necessary, iron steel drum, resindrum, fiber drum, corrugated board and the like.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned stabilizing method orhandling method of a particulate composition containing reduced coenzymeQ₁₀, which uses a moisture-proof agent in combination, is provided.Using a moisture-proof agent in combination, the stability of theparticulate composition is markedly improved. As the moisture-proofagent, silica gel, calcium chloride, synthesis zeolite and the like canbe used.

The residual ratio of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air for 30 days under shading conditions in the aforementionedenvironment in a preservation atmosphere where the humidity has beenadjusted, and/or in a wrapping or packing form is not particularlylimited. It is generally not less than about 80 wt %, preferably notless than about 85 wt %, more preferably not less than about 90 wt %,still more preferably not less than about 95 wt %, particularlypreferably not less than about 97 wt %. Needless to say, it is possibleto afford an environment where the humidity has been adjusted byemploying the above-mentioned wrapping or packaging form.

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which isobtained in the present invention, can be processed into or used as apharmaceutical agent, food, cosmetic and the like in the form of apreparation such as tablet, pill, capsule (hard capsule, soft capsule,microcapsule and the like), chewable tablet, powder preparation,granule, syrup, drinkable preparation and the like, and the like. Thatis, the preparation in this context does not refer solely to apharmaceutical agent but also encompasses the aforementioned formbelonging to food and cosmetics. For preparation making, excipient,disintegrant, lubricant, binder, anticoagulant, absorption promoter,dissolving agent, stabilizer and the like can be used. For forming acapsule, fat and oil, surfactants such as lecithin, lysolecithin and thelike can also be used in combination.

From the aspect of the stability of a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀, in a preferable embodiment of the above-mentionedpreparation, handling or preservation in the aforementioned environmentwhere the humidity has been adjusted and/or the aforementioned wrappingor packaging for handling or preservation is employed.

The present invention further provides reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in anon-crystalline state at a temperature not more than the meltingtemperature, and further, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ wherein at least a partof the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ is in a non-crystalline state. Generally,the present invention provides reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ wherein not lessthan 10 wt %, preferably not less than 20 wt %, more preferably not lessthan 50 wt %, more preferably not less than 70 wt %, particularlypreferable not less than 80 wt %, 100 wt % at maximum, is in anon-crystalline state. As used herein, the non-crystalline state meansan amorphous state or molten state.

The reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in a non-crystalline state can be produced bythe production method of the aforementioned particulate compositionbecause the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in oil component (A) ofparticulate composition obtained by this method is generally in anon-crystalline state.

As other production method, for example, a method including bringing afirst aerosol fluid containing a water-soluble polymer solution havingthe properties to form a physical gel and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and asecond aerosol fluid containing a gelling agent into contact with eachother can be employed.

Here, the “water-soluble polymer solution having the property to form aphysical gel” is a water-soluble polymer capable of forming a gel-likecrosslinked state by hydrogen bond and ion bond between polymers,chelate formation and the like. The “property to form a physical gel”means a property affording a visually observable change from viscousfluid (sol) to an elastic form (gel) by the addition of inorganic saltor acid, or application of an operation such as heating, cooling and thelike to an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer.

Examples of the above-mentioned water-soluble polymer includewater-soluble alginic acid and derivative thereof, low methoxylpectin,gelatin, xanthan gum, carmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone,water-soluble cellulose and derivative thereof and the like.

Examples of the gelling agent include an aqueous solution of calciumchloride, magnesium chloride or barium chloride and the like.

As a method for contacting a water-soluble polymer solution containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ with a coagulation agent (gelling agent), forexample, a given amount of an aqueous solution of a coagulation agent(gelling agent) is continuously sprayed in an aerosol state to form acoagulating gaseous phase atmosphere, a water-soluble polymer solutioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ preferably in an emulsion state iscontinuously sprayed or added dropwise in the atmosphere.

In this way, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀-containing granules can be obtained.The reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in the granules generally contains atleast a non-crystalline state.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is explained in more detail in the following byreferring to Examples, which are not to be construed as limitative.

(Purity of Reduced Coenzyme Q₁₀)

The purity of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ and the weight ratio (%) of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ were determined by the following HPLC analysis (weightratio (%)={reduced coenzyme Q₁₀/(oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀+reduced coenzymeQ₁₀)}×100).

The HPLC analysis conditions are described below.

column: SYMMETRY C18 (manufactured by Waters) 250 mm (length) 4.6 mm(inner diameter),

-   mobile phase; C₂H₅OH/CH₃OH=4/3 (v/v),-   detection wavelength; 210 nm,-   flow rate; 1.0 ml/min,-   retention time of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀; 9.1 min,-   retention time of oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀; 13.3 min.    (Sphericity)

The sphericity of the obtained particulate composition was determined byanalyzing, using an image analysis software (WinROOF Ver.3.30), theimages obtained by observation of the recovered particles with anelectron microscope and from a diameter ratio of the diameter of acircle having the same area and a smallest circumscribing circle. Forthe analysis, 20 samples were analyzed and the average value wasdetermined.

(Crystallinity)

The crystallinity of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the obtained particulatecomposition was determined by the following DSC (differential scanningcalorimeter [EXSTAR6000 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.])analysis after preservation at 25° C. in the air for 30 days. Theparticulate compositions obtained in Examples and Comparative Exampleswere preserved under the above-mentioned given conditions, 10 mg thereofwas taken in an aluminum pan and the temperature was elevated from 15°C. to 70° C. at a temperature rise rate of 5° C./min, during which thecrystal melting calorie was measured. The crystallinity was calculatedaccording to the following formula using the theoretical melting caloriedetermined from the content of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulatecomposition and the data of melting calorie actually measured by DSC.Crystallinity (%)=(measured melting calorie/theoretical meltingcalorie)×100(Volume Average Particle Size)

The volume average particle size of the obtained particulate compositionwas measured by a laser diffraction scattering type particle sizedistribution measurement apparatus (Microtruck MT3000II manufactured byNIKKISO CO., LTD.) using an ethanol solvent.

(Domain Average Particle Size)

The obtained particulate composition was added to a two-componentcurable adhesive (Araldite handled by As One Co. Ltd.) and cured. Theobtained embedded sample was immersed in liquid nitrogen for 5 min,sufficiently cooled and ruptured using a hammer. The broken-out sectionwas immersed in hexane for 15 min to remove oil component (A), and thebroken-out section of the particulate composition was photographed witha scanning electron microscope (S-4800; Hitachi). The average particlesize of the domain was determined by selecting any 50 voids fromrandomly taken images, measuring the particle size thereof and takingthe average thereof.

Production Example

Oxidized coenzyme Q₁₀ crystal (100 g, manufactured by KanekaCorporation) and L-ascorbic acid (60 g) were added to ethanol (1000 g)and the mixture was stirred at 78° C. to carry out a reduction reaction.After 30 hr, the mixture was cooled to 50° C., and ethanol (400 g) andwater (100 g) were added while maintaining the same temperature. Withstirring, the ethanol solution was cooled to 2° C. at a cooling rate of10° C./hr, washed with cold ethanol and cold water in this order, andthe obtained wet crystals were dried under reduced pressure to givewhite dry crystals (95 g) (yield 95 mol %). All the operations exceptdrying under reduced pressure were performed under a nitrogenatmosphere. The purity of the obtained crystals was 99.1% and the weightratio (%) of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ relative to the total amount ofcoenzyme Q was 99.0%.

Example 1

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (332 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. After heating the aqueoussolution to 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (8 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added and melted, and then thesolution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIXCorporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size (average particle size ofdomain) of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition wasspray dried with a hot air using a spray dryer (B-290 manufactured byNihon BUCHI K.K.) under the condition of the hot air inlet temperatureof 200° C. to give a particulate composition containing reduced coenzymeQ₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.87, volumeaverage particle size; 6.9 μm, coenzyme Q content; 11.8 wt % and reducedcoenzyme Q content; 11.1 wt %. FIG. 1 shows an electron micrograph ofthe appearance of the obtained particulate composition. The residualratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C. in theair in light shading for 30 days was 83%. In addition, the crystallinitymeasured by DSC was 21%.

Example 2

Gelatin (30 g, APH-250 manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.) was dissolvedin distilled water (336 g) at 60° C. to give an aqueous water-solubleexcipient solution. The aqueous solution was maintained at 60° C.,reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (4 g) obtained in the above-mentionedProduction Example was added and melted, and then the solution wasemulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation)at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsion composition. Theemulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-wateremulsion composition was about 0.5 μm. The oil-in-water emulsioncomposition was spray dried with a hot air using a spray dryer (B-290manufactured by Nihon BUCHI K.K.) under the condition of the hot airinlet temperature of 200° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.83, coenzyme Qcontent; 11.8 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 10.8 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 63%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 27%.

Example 3

Soybean polysaccharides (40 g, S-ZR100 manufactured by FUJI OIL CO.,LTD.) were dissolved in distilled water (360 g) at 60° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. The aqueous solution wasmaintained at 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (6.2 g) obtained inthe above-mentioned Production Example was added and melted, and thenthe solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured byPRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-wateremulsion composition was spray dried with a hot air using a spray dryer(B-290 manufactured by Nihon BUCHI K.K.) under the condition of the hotair inlet temperature of 200° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.81, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.4 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.5 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 79%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 36%.

Example 4

Gelatin (18 g, APH-250 manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.) was dissolvedin distilled water (182 g) at 60° C., and an aqueous yeast cell wallsolution (200 g, YeastWrap manufactured by Kirin Brewery Co., LTD.) wasadded thereto to give an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Theaqueous solution was maintained at 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder(5.4 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Example was added andmelted, and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition was spray dried with a hotair using a spray dryer (B-290 manufactured by Nihon BUCHI K.K.) underthe condition of the hot air inlet temperature of 200° C. to give aparticulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.84, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.2 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.2 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 64%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 49%.

Example 5

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. The aqueous solution washeated to 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added and melted, and then thesolution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIXCorporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-wateremulsion composition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (145 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.) and a surfactant (5 g, polyglycerin condensed ricinolate: SYGlyster CRS-75 manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), whichwas heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of the stirring rotationwas adjusted to set the particle size of the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water fromthe oil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet proceeded byadjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105° C. while continuingstirring at the aforementioned stirring number, and most of the waterevaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtratedby solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and theoil component (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol(about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, volumeaverage particle size; 130 μm, domain particle size; 1.4 μm, coenzyme Qcontent; 12.8 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 11.9 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 100%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

The electron micrograph of the section of the obtained particulatecomposition is shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmedthat the domains formed by oil component (A) were polydispersed asultrafine voids in the particulate composition. From this picture, thenumber of domains in one particle is assumed to be about 100,000.

Example 6

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, oil component (A)obtained by uniformly mixing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (9.2 g)obtained in the above-mentioned Production Example and a surfactant (4.2g, diglycerol monooleate: poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken VitaminCo., Ltd.) at 60° C. was added to an aqueous water-soluble excipientsolution at 60° C., and then the mixture was emulsified by TK homomixerMarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to givean oil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about0.5 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (145 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and a surfactant (5 g,polyglycerin condensed ricinolate: SY Glyster CRS-75 manufactured bySakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The sphericity of the obtained particulate composition was 0.97, andcoenzyme Q content was 11.6 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content was 10.7wt %. The residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservationat 40° C. in the air in light shading for 30 days was 100%. In addition,the crystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 7

Gelatin (40 g, APH-250 manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.) was dissolvedin distilled water (160 g) at 60° C. to give an aqueous water-solubleexcipient solution. The aqueous solution was heated to 60° C., reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ powder (6.2 g) obtained in the above-mentioned ProductionExample was added and melted, and then the solution was emulsified by TKhomomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 minto give an oil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle sizeof the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition wasabout 0.5 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained herewas added to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (145 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and a surfactant (5 g,polyglycerin condensed ricinolate: SY Glyster CRS-75 manufactured bySakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, volumeaverage particle size; 131 μm, coenzyme Q content; 12.3 wt % and reducedcoenzyme Q content; 11.3 wt %. The residual ratio of the reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C. in the air in light shadingfor 30 days was 94%. In addition, the crystallinity measured by DSC was0%.

The electron micrograph of the appearance of the obtained particulatecomposition is shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, it was confirmedthat the particulate composition obtained in Example 7 had highsphericity.

Example 8

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. The aqueous solution washeated to 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (25.7 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added and melted, and then thesolution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIXCorporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition was about 1.5 μm. The oil-in-wateremulsion composition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (145 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.) and a surfactant (5 g, polyglycerin condensed ricinolate: SYGlyster CRS-75 manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), whichwas heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of the stirring rotationwas adjusted to set the particle size of the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water fromthe oil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet proceeded byadjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105° C. while continuingstirring at the aforementioned stirring number, and most of the waterevaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtratedby solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and theoil component (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol(about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, domainparticle size; 1.4 μm, coenzyme Q content; 30 wt % and reduced coenzymeQ content; 29.5 wt %. The residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀after preservation at 40° C. in the air in light shading for 30 days was100%. In addition, the crystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

The electron micrograph of the section of the obtained particulatecomposition is shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, it was confirmedthat the domains formed by oil component (A) were polydispersed asultrafine voids in the particulate composition. From this picture, thenumber of domains in one particle is assumed to be about 250,000.

Example 9

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. The aqueous solution washeated to 60° C., reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added and melted, and then thesolution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIXCorporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-wateremulsion composition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (100 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.) and a surfactant (50 g, tetraglycerol pentaoleate: SY GlysterPO-3S, HLB3.0 manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), whichwas heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of the stirring rotationwas adjusted to set the particle size of the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water fromthe oil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet proceeded byadjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105° C. while continuingstirring at the aforementioned stirring number, and most of the waterevaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtratedby solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and theoil component (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol(about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, coenzyme Qcontent; 12.3 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 11.6 wt %.

The residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40°C. in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 10

Gum arabic (45 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) and gelatin (15 g, APH-250 manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.)were dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 60° C. to give an aqueouswater-soluble excipient solution. Separately, oil component (A) obtainedby uniformly mixing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example and a surfactant (4.2 g, diglycerolmonooleate: poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) at 60°C. was added to an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution at 60° C.,and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (75 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and a surfactant (75 g,tetraglycerol pentaoleate: SY Glyster PO-3S, HLB3.0 manufactured bySakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.96, coenzyme Qcontent; 12.5 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 11.5 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 97%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 11

Gum arabic (30 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) gelatin (10 g, APH-250 manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Inc.),sucrose (17.5 g, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)and lactose (2.5 g, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)were dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 60° C. to give an aqueouswater-soluble excipient solution. Separately, oil component (A) obtainedby uniformly mixing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example and a surfactant (4.2 g, diglycerolmonooleate: poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) at 60°C. was added to an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution at 60° C.,and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (75 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and a surfactant (75 g,tetraglycerol pentaoleate: SY Glyster PO-3S, HLB3.0 manufactured bySakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.87, coenzyme Qcontent; 12.5 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 11.6 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 97%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 12

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Examplewas added to an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution at 60° C. andmelted, and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (149.6 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and an enzymatically decomposedlecithin (0.4 g, Emultop HL50 handled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.), whichwas heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of the stirring rotationwas adjusted to set the particle size of the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water fromthe oil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet proceeded byadjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105° C. while continuingstirring at the aforementioned stirring number, and most of the waterevaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtratedby solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and theoil component (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol(about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.3 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.4 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 13

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ powder (9.2 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Examplewas added to an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution at 60° C. andmelted, and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (148.5 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and lecithin (1.5 g, Emulpur IPhandled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.3 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.4 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 14

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ powder (10.6 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Exampleand enzymatically decomposed lecithin (5.3 g, Emultop HL50 handled byNihon SiberHegner K.K.) were added to an aqueous water-soluble excipientsolution at 60° C. and melted, and then the solution was emulsified byTK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5min to give an oil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particlesize of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g)obtained here was added to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (150 g,Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.), which was heated to90° C. in advance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjustedto set the particle size of the oil-in-water emulsion compositionsuspension droplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from theoil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet proceeded byadjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105° C. while continuingstirring at the aforementioned stirring number, and most of the waterevaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtratedby solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and theoil component (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol(about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate compositioncontaining reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.9 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.9 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 15

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) was dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ powder (10.6 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Exampleand lecithin (1.0 g, I

-IP handled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.) were added to an aqueouswater-soluble excipient solution at 60° C. and melted, and then thesolution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIXCorporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsioncomposition. The emulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ inthe oil-in-water emulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-wateremulsion composition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (150 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.), which was heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of thestirring rotation was adjusted to set the particle size of theoil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet to about 200 μm.Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature of the suspension to 105°C. while continuing stirring at the aforementioned stirring number, andmost of the water evaporated in about 30 min. Thereafter, oil component(B) was filtrated by solid-liquid separation according to a conventionalmethod, and the oil component (B) attached to the particles was washedwith ethanol (about 500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulatecomposition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, coenzyme Qcontent; 13.3 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 12.4 wt %. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C.in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 16

Gum arabic (60 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.), sucrose (20 g, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.) and lecithin (17.2 g, I

-IP handled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.) were dissolved in distilled water(140 g) at 30° C. to give an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution.Separately, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (17.2 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added to an aqueous water-solubleexcipient solution at 60° C. and melted, and then the solution wasemulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation)at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsion composition. Theemulsion particle size of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-wateremulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsioncomposition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (149.6 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.) and an enzymatically decomposed lecithin (0.4 g, Emultop HL50handled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by adjusting the temperature ofthe suspension to 105° C. while continuing stirring at theaforementioned stirring number, and most of the water evaporated inabout 30 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g) and dried at 50° C. to give a particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

The obtained particulate composition had sphericity; 0.97, volumeaverage particle size; 309 μm, domain particle size; 0.6 μm, coenzyme Qcontent; 15 wt % and reduced coenzyme Q content; 14.0 wt %. The residualratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C. in theair in light shading for 30 days was 100%. In addition, thecrystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

The electron micrographs of the appearance and section of the obtainedparticulate composition are shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. As shown in FIG.5, it was confirmed that the particulate composition obtained in Example16 had high sphericity. As shown in FIG. 6, it was confirmed that thedomains formed by oil component (A) were polydispersed as ultrafinevoids in the particulate composition. From this picture, the number ofdomains in one particle is assumed to be about 20 million.

Comparative Example 1

White dry crystals of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ obtained in ProductionExample were pulverized in a mortar to give a powder of reduced coenzymeQ₁₀.

The sphericity of the obtained powder was 0.78, and the residual ratioof the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation at 40° C. in the air inlight shading for 30 days was 28%. In addition, the crystallinitymeasured by DSC was 100%, and reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in an amorphous ormolten state was not contained.

From the Examples and Comparative Examples, it is clear that theparticulate composition of the present invention has high sphericity,and the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ contained in the particulate compositionhas improved oxidative stability.

(Evaluation of Oral Absorbability)

Male Slc:SD rats (9-week-old) (specified to be body weight 320 g orabove on arrival) were used for the test. Five rats per group werepreliminarily raised for 2 weeks. The rats were raised in an animal roomset to room temperature 20-26° C., humidity 40-70%, lighting 12 hr/day(7:30-19:30), and allowed to freely take a solid feed CE-2 (manufacturedby CLEA Japan, Inc.) and tap water. The body weight of the rats wasmeasured one day before administration, and the amount of the sample tobe filled in a capsule was calculated. Each sample was accuratelymeasured to make the dose per body weight of rat 10 mg/kg body weight asthe content of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, and filled in a gelatin hardcapsule using an exclusive funnel.

The body weight of the rats was measured one day before the test, andthe rats were grouped so that each group would have approximately thesame average body weight.

For administration, a capsule administration machine (manufactured byTOAPAC) only for rat was used. Forsible oral administration to rat wasperformed using a hard capsule, the administration time was recorded ona given recording paper, and 1.5 ml/kg of distilled water was givenimmediately after the administration.

After administration to each group, blood samples (about 0.5 ml) weretaken from the cervical vein at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hr later. Then, theplasma was separated by a cooling centrifuge (4° C., 3000 rpm×20 min),and the obtained plasma was preserved in a freezer (−20° C.) until theanalysis start date. The total plasma coenzyme Q₁₀ was quantified byHPLC according to a conventional method.

First, an oral absorbability test was performed by administering hardcapsules directly filled with the particulate compositions obtained inthe above-mentioned Examples 5, 6 and 7 or the powder obtained inComparative Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 7.

From the above-mentioned results, it can be confirmed that the oralabsorbability of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate compositionof the present invention in an amorphous or molten state as evidenced bythe crystallinity of 0% became extremely higher than conventional powderin a crystal state. That is, the particulate composition containingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀ of the present invention can be said to be aparticulate composition simultaneously having high oxidative stabilityand high oral absorbability.

Next, an oral absorbability test was performed by administering theparticulate compositions obtained in Examples 5, 8, 14, 15 and 16 andthe powder obtained in Comparative Example 1, and AUC was calculated. Atthis time, as for the particulate composition of the above-mentionedExample 8 and the powder of Comparative Example 1, the compositionsprepared to have the following formulations were filled in hard capsulesand the particulate compositions of the above-mentioned Examples 5, 14,15 and 16 were directly filled in hard capsules. The results are shownin FIG. 8.

Hard capsule formulation of Example 8 (amount of use is each componentamount per 1 kg of rat body weight): a mixture of the particulatecomposition obtained in Example 8 (33.3 mg, 10 mg as amount of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀), safflower oil (77.8 mg, oleic acid content of constituentfatty acid 76.6%), hexaglycerol monooleate (11.1 mg, SUNSOFT Q-17Fmanufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), enzymatically decomposedlecithin (11.1 mg, Emultop IP handled by Nihon SiberHegner K. K.).

Hard capsule formulation of Comparative Example 1 (amount of use is eachcomponent amount per 1 kg of rat body weight): a mixture of powderobtained in Comparative Example 1 (10 mg), canola oil (51.1 mg),diglycerol monooleate (21.9 mg, poem DO-100V manufactured by RikenVitamin Co., Ltd.), bee wax (7.8 mg) and soybean lecithin (0.09 mg).

From the above-mentioned results, it is clear that particularly highoral absorbability is shown when lecithin is used as surfactant (D) or(E). In addition, it is clear that the oral absorbability is furtherimproved even when lecithin is not used as surfactant (D) or (E), bytaking the particulate composition of the present invention togetherwith lecithin.

Preparation Example 1

“KANEKA QH (20 g, registered trademark)” (manufactured by KanekaCorporation), which is reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, was melted by heating to60° C., the melt was dispersed in an aqueous solution (1 L) containingsodium alginate (20 g, IL6-G manufactured by KIMICA Corporation) andadjusted to 60° C. in advance, and the mixture was emulsified using ahomogenizer at 15000 rpm for 10 min to give an emulsion.

Preparation Example 2

“KANEKA QH (20 g, registered trademark)” (manufactured by KanekaCorporation) was melted by heating to 60° C., the melt was dispersed inan aqueous solution (1 L) containing sodium alginate (20 g, IL6-Gmanufactured by KIMICA Corporation) and gelatin (50 g, APH Nitta GelatinInc.) and adjusted to 60° C. in advance, and the mixture was emulsifiedusing a homogenizer at 15000 rpm for 10 min. The particle size (particlesize distribution) of the emulsified particles containing coenzyme Q₁₀in the uniform emulsion was measured with a dynamic light scatteringparticle size distribution measurement apparatus (LB-550 manufactured byHoriba, Ltd.) to find that the median particle size was 1 μm.

Preparation Example 3

In the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that decaglycerolmonooleate (20 g, J-0381V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) andmiddle chain fatty acid triglycelite (10 g, Actor M-2 manufactured byRiken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) were added to the composition, an emulsion wasobtained.

Example 17 Preparation of Particles Containing Reduced Coenzyme Q₁₀

The emulsions containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ obtained in PreparationExamples 1-3 were sprayed from the overhead of a cylindrical coagulationchamber having an inner diameter of 45 cm and the total height of about5 m using a two-fluid nozzle (BIMJ2004 manufactured by H. IKEUCHI & Co.,LTD.) as a spray means under the conditions of a volume average dropletdiameter of 150 μm and a feed amount of 150 g/min. Simultaneouslytherewith, an aqueous calcium chloride solution having a concentrationof 30 wt % was sprayed at a volume average droplet diameter of 1-10 μmusing a two-fluid nozzle (1/4J series SU13A manufactured by SprayingSystems) while mixing with air so that the calcium chloride solidcontent would be 5-15 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight ofthe emulsion. To prevent the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ emulsion sprayed fromthe overhead of the coagulation chamber from attaching to the wall ofthe coagulation chamber, distilled water at 25° C. was continuouslysupplied at 6 L/min into a pipe having an inner diameter of about 20 mmwith many 2 mmφ pores formed in the side wall. The reduced coenzyme Q₁₀containing emulsion was gelated while falling down in the coagulationchamber and became particles, and then recovered as a water suspensionfrom the bottom. The recovered suspension was dehydrated and dried by aconventional method to give granules. Using an electron microscope, itwas confirmed that particles having a volume average particle size ofabout 50 μm were prepared using any of the emulsions of PreparationExamples 1-3.

Example 18 Measurement of Crystallinity of Coenzyme Q₁₀ in Particles

The thermal analysis of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ granules obtained inExample 17 and the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder “KANEKA QH (registeredtrademark)” (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) used as a startingmaterial in Preparation Examples 1-3 was performed under the followingconditions using a differential scanning analytical calorimeter(EXSTAR6000 DSC6220 manufactured by SII). The results are shown inTable 1. The crystallinity was calculated from the measurement value ofmelting heat (ΔH).

Analysis conditions; 20° C.→80° C. (5° C./min)→−50° C. (−5° C./min)

TABLE 1 sample crystallinity Example 17 (granule obtained from 34%emulsion of Preparation Example 1) Example 17 (granule obtained from 34%emulsion of Preparation Example 2) Example 17 (granule obtained from 36%emulsion of Preparation Example 3)

As a result, it was confirmed that the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ particles ofExample 17 contained non-crystalline reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

Example 19

Gum arabic (75 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) and sucrose (25 g, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.) were dissolved in distilled water (140 g) at 30° C. to give anaqueous water-soluble excipient solution. Separately, reduced coenzymeQ₁₀ powder (45.0 g) obtained in the above-mentioned Production Examplewas added to an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution at 60° C. andmelted, and then the solution was emulsified by TK homomixer MarkII(manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation) at 10000 rpm×5 min to give anoil-in-water emulsion composition. The emulsion particle size of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-water emulsion composition was about1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsion composition (75 g) obtained here wasadded to oil component (B) consisting of MCT (149.2 g, Actor M-2manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and lecithin (0.8 g, Emulpur IPhandled by Nihon SiberHegner K.K.), which was heated to 90° C. inadvance, and the number of the stirring rotation was adjusted to set theparticle size of the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet to about 200 μm. Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsioncomposition suspension droplet proceeded by continuing the stirring atthe aforementioned stirring number and reducing the pressure whilemaintaining the inside temperature at not less than 70° C., and most ofthe water evaporated in about 20 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) wasfiltrated by solid-liquid separation according to a conventional method,and the oil component (B) attached to the particles was washed withethanol (about 500 g). The obtained wet product was dried at about 40°C. to give 35 g of a particulate composition containing 30.2% of reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ (30.6% as coenzyme Q₁₀). The sphericity of the obtainedparticulate composition was 0.97. The residual ratio of the reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation of the obtained particulate compositionat 40° C. in the air in light shading for 30 days was 99%. In addition,the crystallinity measured by DSC was 0%.

Example 20

The particulate composition (5 g) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, whichwas obtained in Example 19, was placed in a polyethylene bag, and thepolyethylene bag was placed in an aluminum laminated bag to package theparticulate composition. The package was placed in a thermo-hygrostattank at 40° C., relative humidity 80% and preserved in light shading for30 days. The residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ then was 100%.

Example 21

By packing in the same manner as in Example 20 except that 1 g of silicagel was placed in an aluminum laminated bag, a package of a particulatecomposition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ was obtained. The packagewas placed in a thermo-hygrostat tank at 40° C., relative humidity 80%and preserved in light shading for 30 days. The residual ratio of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ then was 100%.

Example 22

The particulate composition (5 g) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, whichwas obtained in Example 19, was placed in a polyethylene bag, and thepolyethylene bag was placed in a polyethylene bag together with silicagel (3 g) to package the particulate composition. The package was placedin a thermo-hygrostat tank at 40° C., relative humidity 80% andpreserved in light shading for 30 days. The residual ratio of thereduced coenzyme Q₁₀ then was 98%.

Example 23

The particulate composition (5 g) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, whichwas obtained in Example 19, was placed in a glass bottle. The glassbottle was placed in a thermo-hygrostat tank at 40° C., relativehumidity 80% and preserved in light shading for 30 days.

The residual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ then was 81%.

Example 24

Gum arabic (75 g, gum arabic A manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co.,Ltd.) and dextrin (25 g, Pinedex #2, DE:11±1 , manufactured by MatsutaniChemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in distilled water (140 g)at 30° C. to give an aqueous water-soluble excipient solution.Separately, reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ powder (45.0 g) obtained in theabove-mentioned Production Example was added to an aqueous water-solubleexcipient solution at 60° C. and melted, and then the solution wasemulsified by TK homomixer MarkII (manufactured by PRIMIX Corporation)at 10000 rpm×5 min to give an oil-in-water emulsion composition. Theemulsion particle size of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in the oil-in-wateremulsion composition was about 1 μm. The oil-in-water emulsioncomposition (75 g) obtained here was added to oil component (B)consisting of MCT (149.2 g, Actor M-2 manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co.,Ltd.) and lecithin (0.8 g, Emulpur IP handled by Nihon SiberHegnerK.K.), which was heated to 90° C. in advance, and the number of thestirring rotation was adjusted to set the particle size of theoil-in-water emulsion composition suspension droplet to about 200 μm.Removal of water from the oil-in-water emulsion composition suspensiondroplet proceeded by continuing the stirring at the aforementionedstirring number and reducing the pressure while maintaining the insidetemperature at not less than 70° C., and most of the water evaporated inabout 20 min. Thereafter, oil component (B) was filtrated bysolid-liquid separation according to a conventional method, and the oilcomponent (B) attached to the particles was washed with ethanol (about500 g). The obtained wet product was dried at about 40° C. to give 35 gof a particulate composition containing 30.2% of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀(30.7% as coenzyme Q₁₀).

The sphericity of the obtained particulate composition was 0.97. Theresidual ratio of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ after preservation of theobtained particulate composition at 40° C. in the air in light shadingfor 30 days was 99%.

Formulation Example 1 Soft Capsule

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 1, was added to a mixture of canola oil, diglycerolmonooleate (poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.),hydrogenated oil, bees wax and lecithin, and a gelatin soft capsule ofthe following formulation, which contained reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, wasobtained by a conventional method.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 20.0 wt %diglycerol monooleate 12.0 wt % canola oil 53.0 wt % hydrogenated oil 7.0 wt % bees wax  6.0 wt % lecithin  2.0 wt %

Formulation Example 2 Soft Capsule

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 19, was added to a mixture of canola oil, diglycerolmonooleate (poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.),hydrogenated oil, bees wax and lecithin, and a carageenan/starch softcapsule of the following formulation, which contained reduced coenzymeQ₁₀, was obtained by a conventional method.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 30.0 wt %diglycerol monooleate 12.0 wt % canola oil 43.0 wt % hydrogenated oil 8.0 wt % bees wax  5.0 wt % lecithin  2.0 wt %

Formulation Example 3 Soft Capsule

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 14, was added to a mixture of canola oil, diglycerolmonooleate (poem DO-100V manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.),hydrogenated oil and lecithin, and a gelatin soft capsule of thefollowing formulation, which contained reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, wasobtained by a conventional method.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 30.0 wt %diglycerol monooleate 12.0 wt % canola oil 40.0 wt % hydrogenated oil16.0 wt % lecithin  2.0 wt %

Formulation Example 4 Hard Capsule

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 19, was mixed with lactose. The obtained powdermixture was sized with a sieve, and a gelatin hard capsule of thefollowing formulation, which contained reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, wasobtained by a conventional method.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 60.0 wt %lactose 40.0 wt %

Formulation Example 5 Chewable Tablet

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 19, was mixed with cornstarch and sucrose, andfurther mixed with magnesium stearate. The obtained powder mixture wassized with a sieve, the obtained sized powder was tabletted with arotary tabletting machine to give a chewable tablet of the followingformulation and containing a reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 47.0 wt %cornstarch  3.0 wt % sucrose 48.0 wt % magnesium stearate  2.0 wt %

Formulation Example 6 Tablet

The particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which wasobtained in Example 19, was mixed with crystalline cellulose (Avicel),and further mixed with magnesium stearate. The obtained powder mixturewas sized with a sieve, the obtained sized powder was tabletted with arotary tabletting machine to give a tablet of the following formulationand containing a reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.

particulate composition containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ 49.0 wt %crystalline cellulose (Avical) 50.0 wt % magnesium stearate  1.0 wt %

While some of the embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed in detail in the above, those of ordinary skill in the art canenter various modifications and changes to the particular embodimentsshown without substantially departing from the novel teaching andadvantages of the present invention. Such modifications and changes areencompassed in the spirit and scope of the present invention as setforth in the appended claims.

This application is based on application Nos. 2006-172086 and2007-114877 filed in Japan and U.S. provisional application No.60/829,240, the contents of which are incorporated hereinto byreference.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A particulate composition comprising an oilcomponent (A), comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, and a matrix comprisinga water-soluble excipient, wherein the oil component (A) ispolydispersed forming a domain in the matrix, and the particulatecomposition has a sphericity of not less than 0.9, a volume averageparticle size of 50-1000 μm; not less than 80 wt % of the reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ in the particulate composition is non-crystalline; and theobtained particulate composition has a residual ratio of the reducedcoenzyme Q₁₀ of not less than 90 wt % after preservation at 40° in airin light shading for 30 days.
 2. The particulate composition of claim 1,wherein the oil component (A) is polydispersed forming not less than 5domains.
 3. The particulate composition of claim 1, wherein thewater-soluble excipient is at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of a water-soluble polymer, a surfactant (C), sugar and ayeast cell wall.
 4. The particulate composition of claim 3, wherein thewater-soluble polymer is at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of gum arabic, gelatin, agar, starch, pectin, carageenan,casein, dried albumen, curdlan, alginic acids, soybean polysaccharide,pullulan, celluloses, xanthan gum, carmellose salt andpolyvinylpyrrolidone.
 5. The particulate composition of claim 3, whereinthe surfactant (C) is at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of glycerol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester,sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester,lecithins and saponins.
 6. The particulate composition of claim 3,wherein the sugar is at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, sugaralcohol and polysaccharide.
 7. The particulate composition of claim 1,wherein the oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ comprises5-100 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, 0-95 wt % of fat and oil, and 0-95wt % of a surfactant (D).
 8. The particulate composition of claim 7,wherein the surfactant (D) is at least one kind selected from the groupconsisting of glycerol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin ester, sucrosefatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acidester, and polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, each having an HLBof not more than 10, and lecithins.
 9. The particulate composition ofclaim 1, wherein the content of the reduced coenzyme Q₁₀ in theparticulate composition is 1-70 wt %.
 10. The particulate composition ofclaim 1, wherein the domain formed by the oil component (A) has anaverage particle size of 0.01-50 μm.
 11. A preparation comprising theparticulate composition of claim
 1. 12. A method of stabilizing aparticulate composition or preparation comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀,which comprises placing the particulate composition of claim 1, in anenvironment of a surrounding relative humidity of not more than 90%. 13.A method of handling a particulate composition or preparation comprisingreduced coenzyme Q₁₀, which comprises placing the particulatecomposition of claim 1, in an environment of a surrounding relativehumidity of not more than 90%.
 14. A method of stabilizing a particulatecomposition or preparation comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀, whichcomprises wrapping or packaging the particulate composition of claim 1with a glass, plastic and/or metal material.
 15. A method of handling aparticulate composition or preparation comprising reduced coenzyme Q₁₀,which comprises wrapping or packaging the particulate composition ofclaim 1 with a glass, plastic and/or metal material.
 16. The stabilizingmethod of claim 12, which comprises concurrently using a moisture-proofagent.
 17. The handling method of claim 13, which comprises concurrentlyusing a moisture-proof agent.
 18. The particulate composition of claim1, wherein the oil component (A) containing reduced coenzyme Q₁₀comprises not less than 60 wt % of reduced coenzyme Q₁₀.
 19. Theparticulate composition of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble excipientis a combination of water-soluble polymer and sugar.
 20. The particulatecomposition of claim 3, wherein the water soluble polymer is at leastone kind selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, gelatin andsoybean polysaccharide.